environmental studies

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Subject syllabus

Exactly what you would be recording.

Unit I 
Fundamentals:  
The Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies: Definition, components, scope, and 
importance, need for public awareness; 
Ecosystems: Concept, Structure and function of an ecosystem, energy flow in ecosystems, food 
chain, food web, ecological pyramids, ecological succession; Introduction to types, 
characteristics features, structure and function of different ecosystems including forest, grassland, 
desert and aquatic ecosystem;  
Biodiversity: Introduction   to      biodiversity- definition, genetics, species, ecosystem 
diversity, bio-geographical classification of India, value of biodiversity-consumptive uses, 
productive, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values, India as a mega diversity nation, hot spots 
of biodiversity, threats to biodiversity– habitat loss, poaching of wild life, man wildlife conflicts 
and conservation of biodiversity- in-situ and ex-situ conservation. [5] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Approved by BoS of USAR : 16/06/2026                                 Approved by AC sub-committee : 20/07/2026  
Applicable from Batch admitted in Academic Session 2026-27 Onwards  Page | 43 
 
 
 
Unit II 
Water Resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, 
conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems 
Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, Timber extraction, mining, dams and 
their effects on forest and tribal people, case studies 
Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral 
resources, case studies.  
Sustainable management: Energy, water, air, infrastructure, mobility, greenhouse effects. [5] 
Unit III 
Environmental Pollution and waste management:  
Air Pollution: Types of pollutants, source, effects, sink & control of primary pollutants CO, 
NOX, HC, SOx, and particulates; Water Pollution: Classification of Pollutants, their sources, 
wastewater treatment (domestic and industrial); Soil Pollution: Composition of soil, 
classification, and effects of solid pollutants and their control; Marine Pollution: Causes, effects, 
and control of marine pollution, coastal zone management; Thermal pollution: Causes, effects, 
and control of marine pollution, coastal zone management. 
Waste Management:  
Solid Waste Management: Classification, waste treatment and disposal methods; composting, 
sanitary land filling, thermal processes, recycling and reuse methods; Hazardous wastes: 
Classification, radioactive, biomedical & chemical, treatment; Disposal: Physical, chemical and 
biological processes.   
E-Waste and Battery Waste:  
Classification, sources and characteristics of e-waste and battery waste, environmental impacts, 
collection and segregation, recycling, resource recovery, treatment and disposal – physical, 
chemical and biological processes, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), and sustainable 
management practices. [7] 
Unit IV  
Environmental Policies, Human Population, and Environment: Climate change, global 
warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents, case studies; Some important 
Environmental laws, issues involved in enforcement of environment legislations, Green bench; 
carbon footprint, Montreal and Kyoto Protocol, The Chemical Weapons Convention, 
Environment Impact Assessment; population growth and variation among nations; Role of 
government and non-government organizations in public awareness and environment 
improvement. 
Disaster Management: Floods, earthquakes, cyclones, and landslides.